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The core of the earth, which is about 4000 miles below the surface, is where geothermal energy is generated. Temperatures that can sometimes be even hotter than the surface of the sun are produced incessantly within the earth by radioactive particles decaying slowly, a process that occurs in all rocks. The earth is made up of a number of layers: the core; the mantle; and the crust.
The Mantle: This layer, which comprises rock and magma, envelopes the core and has a thickness of around 1800 miles. The crust of the earth is made up of several broken pieces, which are known as plates. The hot magma from deep down below rises up close to the surface of the earth at the junctures of these plates. These are the places where volcanoes are formed. The lava that spews from volcanoes is made up partly of magma. The heat from this magma is absorbed by the water and rocks that occur deep beneath the earth's surface. The temperature of the water and the rocks get increasingly hotter the deeper down you go below the earth's surface.
People all over the world have been using geothermal energy to heat their homes by digging wells that go down very deep and pumping up the hot steam or water to the surface.
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